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worldport History
On May, 27-th, 1974, Empress Katherine II published the prescript about the foundation of city and worldport in Hadzhibey. The preparation work began.

On August, 22-th, 1974 (on September, 2), after prayer service and sanctification of construction grounds and off-shore part of the worldport, workers hammered in two piles two future moles – Large and Small, from which began the biography of the city. The build committee “Expedition of building a harbour and the city” controlled a building work.

Joseph Deribas was appointed a chief of the future harbour . The work in worldport was in a full swing: thousands navvies day by day stepped out to the sea. For the first two years on a sandy territory appeared an embankment of a length 850 running sazhens (sazhen-2,13 m).

To the embankment were built on two piers: Admiralteysky for navy vessels and Kupechesky for merchant vessels. The construction of the Large and Small, that is Karantinny and Platonovsky moles, had begun. Merchant Avtonomov was a constructor of moles and piers.

Katherine’s II death and Pavel’s I arrival to the reign were the reasons why the works in Odessa worldport were halted. And only three thousands bitter (Greek) oranges, sent by merchants from the name of their magistrate as a gift to Pavel I, have softened him and he provided 250 thousands roubles for 14 years.

Since 1800 till 1804 the embankment in Kupecheskaya harbour had been under construction and the construction of Voenniy mole had begun, that promoted the construction of Voenny mole.

In this way in a sea appeared three moles: Karantinny (420 m), Platonovsky (180 m) and Voenny (370 m). Besides, it is necessary to tell about unique technology of construction of the Karantinnaya harbour.

Odessa worldport was not developing for a long time: for example, bread from carts was overloaded on special boats for 200-300 fourths each, and then it was already brought to the ship by boats, which was standing in the Karantinnaya harbour. From boats the bread was given by baskets on a board. Butter and wine, brought on a foreign ships in small casks, were uploaded in a simple way, that is small casks were simply thrown down in the sea, tied around by a rope and towed to the bank.

Constructions of the new worldport were reconstructing during its developing.

worldport and its hydrotechnical objects had been developing next way:

Karantinny mole was constructing since 1795 till 1880,
Platonovsky – since 1795 till 1877,
Voenny –1800-1877,
Androsovsky –1842-1848,
Potapovsky –1848-1856,
Novy – 1866-1877,
Raidovy mole (a continuation of Karantinny) –1870-1876,
Volnolom (from eng. “breakwater”) – since 1866 till 1882.

In 1865 the city was bound by the first railway with the south of Ukraine, and in 1866 a quarantine spur line connected Odessa worldport to the transworldport network of Ukraine.

The building of an oil jetty (1140 m) was finished in 1895.

In honor of the engineer F. De-Volan, the first planner of Odessa trade worldport and a city, one street in worldport, behind Karaninnaya harbour, was named Devolanova.

The Harbours of Odessa worldport:

Karantinnaya – for the vessels of the oversea shipping, with an area 51 thousand sq. sazhens and with a length of a sea coast 980 running sazhens, with 3 moles, depth 24-20 ft.

Novaya – with a length 481 running sazhens, with 2 moles, depth 26 ft.; with a harbour between Novy and Voenny mole, depth 16-17 ft.

Prakticheskaya or Kabotazhnaya – with a length 786 running sazhens, with 3 moles, depth 16-17 ft., merchant, for the vessels of Ministry of transworldport – with a length 84,5 running sazhens.

Neftyanaya – with a length 929,4 running sazhens, with a mole, depth 24 ft.; with a breakwater in 572 sazhens, depth 15-16 ft. and with an outer harbour – water area of 136 thousand sq. Sazhens, with a mooring line in 173 sazhens.

3894 steam boats, 3789 sailing boats, 3435 barges came into the worldport in 1895; 3901 steam boats, 3868 sailing boats and 3454 barges stepped back. From them came an oversea shipping boats: russian – 179, for 273 thousands tons, foreign – 1028, for 1525 tons; sailing boats - 1 for 154 tons, foreign - 69, for 18 thousands tons. Stepped back 173 russian steamships, for 266 thousand tons, foreign - 1044, for 1549 thousand tons; foreign sailing – 66, for 17 thousand tons.

Coast trade vessels: came 1930 steamships, for 1047 thousand tons, stepped back 1929, for 1056 thousand tons; came 2167sailing ships, for 120 thousand tons, stepped out 2257, for 127 thousand tons.

Tug vessels came in quantity 635, for 47 ½ tons; 642 stepped back, for 50 ½ thousands tons.

The first place in ships arrival takes an english flag, then russian, austrian, italian, norwegian, danish, greek, french, german, dutch, turkish and spanish. Russian society of steamship line and trade (46 public, 17 merchant and 12 tug steamships, for 136 thousand of tonnage tons; 5 cutters, 66 metal barges, 6 blockshifs and so on.) supworldports the communication on Alexandria direct line (Alexandria, with stopping in Constantinopol, Smirna and Pirey) and Alexandria circular line (with stopping in Constantinopol, Dardanelles, Aphon, Saloniki, Smirna, Hios, Limassol, Larnaki, Mersina, Tripoli, Beirut, Yaffa, worldport-Said), in Sankt-Petersburg and Baltic sea worldports (so-called “large cabotage”) and on the Blacksea-Bulgarian line.

The steamships of several owners come between Odessa and Lower Dnepr, Lower Bug and Lower Akkerman, the steamships of Baptizmansky – between Odessa and Dnestr landing-stages. Urgent trips between Odessa and Batum supworldports Russian steamship line of marine, river, land insurance and worldportages of loads and commodity storages, with giving loans (6 steamships).

2 steamships of South-Russian society of steamship communication lines go on Black and Azov sea. Steamships and barges of private owners make trips in the same direction. Up to 20 steamships supply the anthracite coal from Mariupol to Odessa Blacksea worldports; A few steamships deliver kerosene from Batum. Blacksea-Danube steamship line (10 steamships with numerous barges) supworldports communication lines with Danube piers. The urgent communication line with Far East is set by 10 steamships of the voluntarily fleet and a few foreign steamships associations. Azov sea steamship line society begins to develop its trips.

Odessa worldport is the first of the sizes of trading sell in empire. At the beginning of the 40-th according to the value of trade Odessa yielded not only to Sankt-Petersburg, but also to Riga; since 1844 it had outstripped Riga; since 1877 – had outstripped Sankt-Petersburg, but final championship of Odessa worldport had been set since 1885, and in 1888 its trading sell outstripped twice the trading sell of Sankt-Petersburg.

General external trade turnover of Odessa worldport equals, according to custom data (1895), 146 ½ millions roubles (without transit) or 12 2/5% from the general turnover of empire, and with transit it reaches 14%.

Whole exworldport consists of 135 million poods, by a value in 108207 thousand roubles, and with transit – 110 million roubles. Imworldport of 22 million poods, by a value in 38254 thousand roubles, makes to an exworldport 16 2/7% or (by a value, with transit) is about 9% of the general imworldport of empire, outstripping by size only to Sankt-Petersburg. The most main products of the trading sell of Odessa worldport is grain products, such as wheat, - that’s why Odessa worldport is often called a “Wheat city”.

In 1895 less than 60 ½ poods of wheat were sold, for 39 million roubles; barley – 25 million poods, for 10 ½ million roubles; rye – 21 million poods, for 11 million roubles; corn - 11 million poods, for 6 million rub.; wheat flour - 1700 thousand poods, for 2182 thousand rub.; oat - 1143 thousand poods, for 581 thousand rub.; pea - 633 thousand poods, for 538 thousand rub. All bread selling reached 122 million poods, for 70 million rub. From this quantity to Odessa worldport is delivered: by Southwest railways - 42,96%, by a cabotage - 45,92%, by a tug - 11,12%. Besides this, about 8 million poods of bread is used for internal consumption and 2700 thousand poods are for sale on empire territory as a grain and a flour.

Thus, up to 134 million poods of bread were turning over on Odessa’s market of bread up. The suppliers of bread products are northwest parts of Khersonskaya, Bessarabskaya, Kievskaya, Volinskaya provinces, that is served by Southwest railways; localities of lower flow of the river Dnepr, from Alexandrovsk town (provinces Katerinoslavskaya, Khersonskaya and Tavricheskaya); southern Bessarabia; Pribuzhje; localities, lying on rivers Danube and Prut, including a part of Romania; blacksea worldports and Ochakovo environs, that deliver bread by a cabotage and, finally, localities, that are far away from Odessa to 100-200 versts and deliver grain cargos to Chumak tracts. Odessa markets contains up to 4 million poods of bread, Southwest railways’ elevator – up to 3 million poods. Maximal exworldport quantity of grain cargos comes in October-November and spring at the beginning of the navigation. Bread trading and exworldport takes a great amount of persons and enterprises, among which there are an age-old bread traders.

Grain cargo are for sale mainly in Great Britain (52 million poods), Holland (28 million poods), Germany (17 million poods), France (10 million poods), Belgium (8 million poods), Dutch and Italy (5 million poods in each). Sweden and Norway (4800 thousands poods); then comes Turkey and Egypt, worldportugal, Austro-Hungary, Spain, Montenegro, East Siberia. Flour is for sale in Turkey, Egypt, Great Britain; brans – in Denmark, Germany, Holland, Great Britain, Belgium; cereal – in Vladivostok.

From other sell-goods loaf sugar sells in quantity 3 million poods, for 8 ½ million rub.; linseed, hempseed, rapeseed, turnip seed, poppy seed etc. - 2832 thousands poods, for 1829 thousand poods; salted fish, pickled fish and kipper - 494 thousand poods, for 1485c thousand rub.; wool - 147 thousands poods, for 1256 thousand rub.; iron of all sorts - 477 thousand poods, for 985 thousand rub.; iron products - 289 thousand poods, for 2295 thousand rub.; paper fabrics - 501 thousand poods, for 2 million rub.; weapon - 10 thousand poods, for 978 thousand rub.; linen, clothes and prepared goods – 5 thousand poods, for 826 thousand rub.; cast-iron wares, - 130 thousand poods, for 783 thousand rub.; tobacco in leaves and chopped – 26 thousand poods, for 626 thousand rub.; alcohol – 51 million liters, for 661 thousand rub.; hand-made article wood (mainly barrel staves) – 560 thousand poods, for 671 thousand rub.; smooth woolen cloth – 7 ½ thousand poods, for 614 thousand rub.

The other goods by a value ½ million rub. do not reach the exworldport sale. Odessa exworldport products (except bread) are for sale in East Siberia and Far Asia (alcohol, wine, vodka and beer, sugar, tobacco, meat, cow butter, margarine, leathers, fat, soap, candles, fish glue, kerosene, metals and metal wares, tinsel, weapons, silk, woolen and paper fabrics, smooth woolen cloths, linen and clothes, ropes, writing papers); Turkey (alcohol – 42 thousand liters, sugar, tobacco, cattle, sheep, birds, cheese, margarine, leather wares, fat, fishes, caviar, cod-liver oil, metals and metal wares, raw silk, long-drawn affair wares, woolen, paper and linen fabrics, ropes, woods); Great Britain (sugar, wool, cattle, sheep, leathers, feather, fish glue, ropes, woods); France (tobacco, cattle, sheep, horses, birds, leathers, bone flour, metals and metal wares, woods); Romania (horses, leathers, fish, caviar, living cancers, kerosene, metals and metal wares, tinsel, paper and linen fabrics, ropes); Holland and Belgium (cattle, leathers, bird feather, wood); Egypt (alcohol, caviar, horses, raw silk, wood); Germany (leathers, bone flour, bowels, horns, bristle, horsehair, dried blood, bird feather); Greece (alcohol, cattle, sheep, horses); Bulgaria (alcohol, wool, leathers, smooth woolen cloth); Austro-Hungary (wool, leathers, cod-liver oil); Italia (sugar, wool, caviar); Ost-India (tinsel, raw silk and silk fabrics, paper and linen fabrics); Japan (sugar, kerosene); China (silver wares, paper and linen fabrics, writing paper).

To Odessa worldport are also delivered: raw cotton, (1634 thousand poods, for 9807 thousand rub.), iron ships (5, for 2 million rub.), iron of different kinds – 1 ½ million poods, for 1900 thousand rub.), olive oil (119 thousand poods, for 1563 thousand rub.), fresh fruits (1306 thousand poods, for 1541 thousand rub.), tea (75 thousand poods, for 1 ½ million rub.), agricultural machines (244 thousand poods, for 1399 thousand rub.), natural and dry plants (774 thousand poods, for 873 thousand rub.), different kind of machines and technics (126 thousand poods, for 798 thousand rub.), dry fruits (922 thousand poods, for 772 thousand rub.), anthracite coal (5857 thousand poods, for 646 thousand rub.), tannic matters (671 thousand poods, for 677 thousand rub.), nuts (315 thousand poods, for 567 thousand rub.), spices (73 thousand poods, for 591 thousand rub.).

The other delivery doesn’t reach a value ½ million rub. for each ware. From Baltic worldports about 2 million poods, for 15 million rub. is delivered. On a Blacksea and Dnepro-Bug’s estuary coasts, in a limits of Odessa district, for the navigator’s comfort is situated: 16 lighthouses, from them: 1 Lightship, 2 life-saving stations, 6 signs, 4 fires on a breakwater, 4 towers.

For more than 200-years-old history Odessa has become not only a big worldport, but also a beautiful resort on a Blacksea.

Every tourist starts learning the city from a passenger terminal of Odessa sea trade worldport, which has been planned and built within the latest achievements of architecture and design.

The marine station is located immediately near the prime sights of the city and it is one of the greatest passenger terminals in Europe. A yacht complex, “Marine gallery”, 4*- hotel complex “Odessa”, church of st. Nilkolay, concert hall, offices of tourist companies etc. are also situated on its territory.

worldport is a member of prestige international associations, and was confessed as a basic cruise worldport of Ukraine.

In 60-80-s of 20-th century most berths were reconstructed, berths for grain and sugar-raw processing were built, and an expansion of worldport areas due to a sea territory on Karantinny mole was begun.

Owing to the end of the Soviet Union existence, the turnover went down and in 1994 it was only 16,8 million tons. The decision was found: foreign firms, that own a cargo base and have an experience in market economy, have been invited. Enterprises with a foreign investment, so called stevedoring companies, were organized on a base of shifting complexes.

The maximal goods turnover was in 2002 – 13,2 million tons of dry cargo and 20,4 million tons of liquid products.

Construction of new complexes led to an expansion of cargo nomenclatures. Modern plan of worldport development, created with the purpose of increasing and attraction new good traffics (the most perspective of them are container goods) and it is supposed the construction of a new container terminal, trestles, dry worldport, the reconstruction of worldport embankments etc.

Contact
729-35-55,
729-35-00

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